{"id":24278,"date":"2023-11-29T13:24:23","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T13:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/?post_type=portfolio&p=24278"},"modified":"2023-12-01T08:33:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T08:33:18","slug":"safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/","title":{"rendered":"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 per millorar la seguretat en la conservaci\u00f3 d’infraestructures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

29\/11\/2023
Project Header
right
right
no-repeat;left top;;
auto
20px

La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d\\’aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.<\/h4>
Project Header
no-repeat;left top;;
auto
20px


L\\’empresa AZVI, juntament amb el Centre Avan\u00e7at de Tecnologies Mec\u00e0niques (CATMech) de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech (UPC) i la spin-off de la UPC, Composite Structural Engineering Solutions, SL (CSES), treballa en el projecte SAFEPASS per estudiar la protecci\u00f3 dels passos de formig\u00f3 sobre l\\’autopista que regularment es veuen afectats per impactes dels vehicles que circulen amb exc\u00e9s de g\u00e0lib.\r
Els objectius de SAFEPASS s\u00f3n m\u00faltiples. En primer lloc, es pret\u00e9n evitar que es produeixin despreniments de rebles a causa de l\\’impacte, garantint la seguretat dels usuaris de la via. En segon lloc, en cas d\\’impacte, es vol assegurar que aquest no comprometi la durabilitat de l\\’estructura en tant que es limiti la penetraci\u00f3 d\\’agents (per exemple, l\\’aigua, l\\’oxigen i productes qu\u00edmics agressius com els sulfats) els quals promoguin l\\’oxidaci\u00f3 de les armadures. En tercer lloc, es pret\u00e9n generar un sistema de detecci\u00f3 dels danys que permeti alertar del possible impacte en el tauler del pont, localitzar aquest impacte i avaluar la gravetat de l\\’afectaci\u00f3 sobre l\\’estructura.\r
Per aconseguir aquests objectius, es planteja un recobriment de poliurea, que s\\’estudiar\u00e0 des del punt de vista te\u00f2ric i mitjan\u00e7ant assajos experimentals, caracteritzant tant aquest material com la resposta estructural de provetes de formig\u00f3 protegides amb poliurea enfront dels impactes. En aquesta l\u00ednia, tamb\u00e9 s\\’avaluar\u00e0 la capacitat de la poliurea de protegir els elements de formig\u00f3 armat i pretensat contra la corrosi\u00f3. Finalment, s\\’utilitzaran elements piezoel\u00e8ctrics de baix cost com els sensors d\u2019impacte, per la seva naturalesa passiva i la seva resposta efica\u00e7 enfront d\\’accions din\u00e0miques, ja que els senyals de sortida contribuiran a la categoritzaci\u00f3 del nivell de dany.\r
CATMech-UPC aporta la seva dilatada experi\u00e8ncia en l\\’\u00fas d\\’elements piezoel\u00e8ctrics en sistemes mec\u00e0nics i la infraestructura disponible per a l\\’execuci\u00f3 dels assajos mec\u00e0nics de major complexitat (impactes).\r
Els resultats esperats s\u00f3n poder evitar per complet els despreniments, allargar la vida \u00fatil de les infraestructures estudiades en un 20% i poder detectar l\\’ocurr\u00e8ncia d\\’un impacte destructiu sense falsos negatius.\r

Pressupost i finan\u00e7ament<\/h4>\r
El projecte, iniciat al juliol de 2022, compta amb el finan\u00e7ament del CDTI a trav\u00e9s del contracte IDI-20221087. A m\u00e9s, s\\’ha de destacar la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de Tecnopol, l\u00edder en la producci\u00f3 de poliureas. CATMech-UPC, a trav\u00e9s d\\’un conveni de col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 que finalitzar\u00e0 al desembre de 2024, gestionar\u00e0 un pressupost de 70.000,00 \u20ac per al desenvolupament del projecte.
Main Text
no-repeat;left top;;
auto

hide

\"SAFEPASS_1\"
full
contain
center center
hide

\"SAFEPASS_2\"
full
contain
center center
hide

Figura 1. Assajos preliminars de poliurea a tracci\u00f3, amb una elongaci\u00f3 de m\u00e9s de 6 vegades la seva grand\u00e0ria original.
hide

Tecnologia<\/h5>\r
Infraestructures<\/a>\r
Materials<\/a>
Tecnolog\u00eda
no-repeat;left top;;
auto
0px

25

Sector<\/h5>\r
Construcci\u00f3<\/a>
Sector
no-repeat;left top;;
auto
0px

25

Tema<\/h5>\r
Economia Circular<\/a>
Tema
no-repeat;left top;;
auto
30px

40

Vols saber m\u00e9s?<\/h5>
Contact Button
no-repeat;left top;;
auto
0px

\n\r
Button<\/span><\/a>\n\r
\r
\n\r
Button<\/span><\/a>\n
no-repeat;left top;;
auto

50

Projectes Relacionats<\/h4>
Proyectos Relacionados
no-repeat;left top;;
auto

4
grid
4
date
DESC

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d’aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":24269,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"portfolio-types":[385,274,944,149,916,240],"class_list":["post-24278","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio-types-construccio","portfolio-types-economia-circular","portfolio-types-economia-circular-ind-ca","portfolio-types-materiales-ca","portfolio-types-tecnologias-de-infraestructuras-ca","portfolio-types-tecnologias-de-los-materiales-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nSAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 - CIT UPC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d'aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 - CIT UPC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d'aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CIT UPC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cit.upc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-01T08:33:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"526\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIT_UPC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/\",\"name\":\"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 - CIT UPC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-29T13:24:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-01T08:33:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d'aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg\",\"width\":700,\"height\":526},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/portfolio-item\\\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/ca\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 per millorar la seguretat en la conservaci\u00f3 d’infraestructures\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/\",\"name\":\"CIT UPC\",\"description\":\"UPC Technology Center\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CIT UPC - UPC Technology Center\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/cropped-logo_positiu_horitzontal_2020_espanol.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/cropped-logo_positiu_horitzontal_2020_espanol.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"CIT UPC - UPC Technology Center\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cit.upc.edu\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/cit.upc\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/CIT_UPC\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/CITUPC\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.flickr.com\\\/photos\\\/181927091@N08\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/cit-upc\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/cit_upc\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 - CIT UPC","description":"La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d'aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 - CIT UPC","og_description":"La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d'aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.","og_url":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/","og_site_name":"CIT UPC","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cit.upc","article_modified_time":"2023-12-01T08:33:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":700,"height":526,"url":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@CIT_UPC","twitter_misc":{"Temps estimat de lectura":"3 minuts"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/","url":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/","name":"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 - CIT UPC","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg","datePublished":"2023-11-29T13:24:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-01T08:33:18+00:00","description":"La protecci\u00f3 de les infraestructures suposa un repte comercial i, alhora, ecol\u00f2gic, ja que permet allargar la vida \u00fatil d'aquests elements i evita la generaci\u00f3 prematura de residus.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SAFEPASS_700x526.jpg","width":700,"height":526},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/safepass-un-sistema-constructiu-hibrid-poliurea-formigo-per-millorar-la-seguretat-en-la-conservacio-dinfraestructures\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"SAFEPASS: Un sistema constructiu h\u00edbrid poliurea-formig\u00f3 per millorar la seguretat en la conservaci\u00f3 d’infraestructures"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/","name":"CIT UPC","description":"UPC Technology Center","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/#organization","name":"CIT UPC - UPC Technology Center","url":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cropped-logo_positiu_horitzontal_2020_espanol.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cropped-logo_positiu_horitzontal_2020_espanol.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"CIT UPC - UPC Technology Center"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/es\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cit.upc","https:\/\/x.com\/CIT_UPC","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/CITUPC","https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/181927091@N08","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/cit-upc\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/cit_upc\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/24278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24278"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio-types?post=24278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}