{"id":6950,"date":"2022-02-15T10:00:49","date_gmt":"2022-02-15T10:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/portfolio-item\/lam_app_parkinson\/"},"modified":"2023-07-17T06:51:25","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T06:51:25","slug":"lam_app_parkinson","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/cit.upc.edu\/ca\/portfolio-item\/lam_app_parkinson\/","title":{"rendered":"Una aplicaci\u00f3 per ajudar en el diagn\u00f2stic diferencial de pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson i tremolor essencial"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

15\/02\/2022
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El Laboratori d\u2019Aplicacions Multim\u00e8dia i TIC (LAM)<\/a> de la UPC ha desenvolupat una aplicaci\u00f3 m\u00f2bil que ajuda en el diagn\u00f2stic diferencial en pacients amb Parkinson i tremolor essencial utilitzant els sensors inercials i intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial. Aquesta nova tecnologia \u00e9s imprescindible per a pa\u00efsos en desenvolupament que no tenen dispositius de diagn\u00f2stic m\u00e9s sofisticats, mentre que als pa\u00efsos desenvolupats aquesta eina ajuda a reduir costos hospitalaris i temps d\\’espera.<\/h4>
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\"LAM
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La tremolor essencial \u00e9s un tipus de trastorn del moviment que sovint es diagnostica err\u00f2niament com a malaltia de Parkinson. La Tremolor Essencial no \u00e9s degenerativa i presenta una tremolor r\u00edtmica en moviment que generalment s\\’accentua per a posicions en postura. D\\’altra banda, el Parkinson t\u00e9 un car\u00e0cter neurodegeneratiu i afecta el moviment principalment en rep\u00f2s. El tractament amb dopamina que se subministra a pacients de Parkinson \u00e9s summament agressiu i perjudicial si \u00e9s subministrat a pacients que no tenen aquesta malaltia (per exemple, pacients amb tremolor essencial). A m\u00e9s d\u2019aquesta important contraindicaci\u00f3 d\u2019\u00e0mbit farmacol\u00f2gic, cal tenir en compte que la prova que determina si es pateix Parkinson o no, la tomografia computada per emissi\u00f3 de fot\u00f3 simple (SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography), t\u00e9 un cost molt elevat. Es tracta d\u2019una exploraci\u00f3 que comporta l\u2019administraci\u00f3 d\u2019un radiof\u00e0rmac (una font de radiaci\u00f3 gamma) al pacient per poder-ne recollir la distribuci\u00f3 en regions cerebrals i determinar la neurodegeneraci\u00f3 existent.\r
L\\’aplicaci\u00f3 m\u00f2bil desenvolupada es basa en la realitzaci\u00f3 d\\’un test biomec\u00e0nic a diverses posicions (relaxaci\u00f3 i postura) per registrar i analitzar la tremolor de mans amb els sensors inercials, ja siguin del tel\u00e8fon m\u00f2bil o dispositius sense fil espec\u00edfics. L\\’acceleraci\u00f3 lineal i\/o la velocitat angular dels moviments es processen per disposar de caracter\u00edstiques biom\u00e8triques dels pacients en el domini del temps i la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia. Seguidament s\\’utilitzen algorismes basats en xarxes neuronals, on es comparen els valors que resulten amb els valors obtinguts en casos ja diagnosticats, per finalment determinar si el pacient t\u00e9 Parkinson o Tremolor Essencial. Actualment, la base de dades de pacients s\\’est\u00e0 ampliant gr\u00e0cies a la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de diversos hospitals i associacions amb l\\’objectiu de millorar la fiabilitat d\\’aquesta eina per al diagn\u00f2stic diferencial. Aix\u00ed, el diagn\u00f2stic que indica l\\’aplicaci\u00f3 permetr\u00e0 al metge disposar d\\’informaci\u00f3 addicional dels pacients complexos o en primeres etapes en qu\u00e8 un tractament encertat \u00e9s fonamental per millorar la qualitat de vida del pacient.\r
Aquesta nova tecnologia est\u00e0 disponible per a pa\u00efsos en desenvolupament que no tenen dispositius de diagn\u00f2stic m\u00e9s sofisticats.\r
El projecte s\u2019est\u00e0 desenvolupant en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb els doctors Josep Valls i Eduard Tolosa, de la unitat de neurologia de l\u2019Hospital Cl\u00ednic, la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma d\u2019Occident de Col\u00f2mbia, la Universitat de Xile i l\u2019Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule d\u2019Alemanya. El projecte finalitzar\u00e0 el 2022.
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